7 Component Sub-models (Parts, Part-Pairs)

Sub-model items are created using parts. Individual parts do not fulfil a function but rather work in pairs to fulfil a function. Each part pair affects component functions via pair functional failure mode. The workflow for creating a detailed Functional Block Diagram (FBD) at part level is shown below.

WF05: Create Detailed FBD Model

Pre-requisites:

• A. FBD Model: previously built for FCM and/or Bond simulations, and has been modeled to the component level (see WF03 or WF04).

Workflow steps:

1. Open System Model Viewer — Open the System Model viewer at the level of indenture location that parts will be created in.
2. Create Part (Item Name, Item Number, Physical Description, Instance Count, Criticality, Logistics Control Number) — Create a part through 'New Item' under 'Modeling' of the main menu bar or via the right-click context menu opened on the system model canvas. Define part details in the General tab of the Properties window.
3. Decision: All Parts Created? — Continue creating and defining parts until complete.
4. Select Part — Select a part to begin defining Characteristics, Environment and Features.
5. Define Part Characteristics (Loading Type(s), Loading Factor, Time Factor) — Access Part 'Characteristics' via the context menu. Then select relevant Loading Type(s), then select appropriate Loading Factor and Time Factor from their respective drop-down menus.
6. Define Part Environment (Operating Environment(s), Operating Temperature, Operating Temp. Factor) — Access Part 'Environment' via the same context menu. Select relevant Operating Environment(s), then appropriate Operating Temperature and Temperature Factor.
7. Define Part Features (Part Feature, Feature Name, Feature Description) — Access Part 'Features' via the same context menu. Select relevant Feature(s) from the list, or add a new feature with a name and description.
8. Decision: All Parts Defined? — Select another part to define Characteristics, Environment and Features until complete.
9. Create Part-Pair Connection — Activate the lone arrow icon in the main toolbar, then select a part to create the connection and drag to the second part. After releasing, a part-pair connection shall be established.
10. Define Part-Pair Function(s) (Function(s), Functional Flows, Flow Properties) — Access 'Functions' Editor via the context menu opened on the part-pair connection, to define function(s), functional flows and flow properties.
11. Define Part-Pair Characteristics (Connection Type (DOF), Motion Type(s), Loading/Motion Factor, Time Factor, Operating Temperature, Operating Temp. Factor) — Access Part-Pair 'Characteristics' via the same context menu and select accordingly.
12. Decision: All Part-Pairs Defined? — Continue creating and defining part-pairs until complete.
13. Detailed FBD Model Created — Detailed FBD model provides greater granularity of information and further enabled improved engineering analyses.

7.1 Adding Parts to a Component

Parts are the third basic item type in MADE and are typically located within a component. The system model of a component represents a lower hierarchy or level of indenture, and this is where parts would reside. As they only perform functions when connected in pairs, individual parts cannot be connected to the input and output flows of a component in the system model MUX bars.

To open the component model and create parts:

• Select (Right-click) a component.
• Select System Model from the right-click menu.

To add parts to a component system model:

• Select the Part icon from icon menu or
• Select (Right-click) the white space of the system model and select New → Part

Parts can be renamed from the project explorer or the properties viewer. Parts contain an Instance count which enables the user to capture multiple numbers of parts. For example, if a coupling contains 8 bolts, the user can use the instance count to capture this information.

7.2 Defining Part Characteristics

Part characteristics are a MADE feature used to define the behavior and operational conditions surrounding a part. These characteristics include loading, time, and temperature factors, loading types and operating temperature. Part Characteristics are reported in the System Information Report.

To access this feature:

• Select (Right-click) a Part in the system model or project explorer
• Select Characteristics from the drop-down
• The characteristics dialog will appear
• Alternatively, select (left click) the part in the system model and select the Characteristics tab in the Properties viewer

The Part Characteristics dialog lists Loading Type(s) with Name/Description columns:

Name	Description
Bending	A loading that causes local displacement in an item, creating a curved or angular...
Compression	A loading that causes an item to shorten in a specific axis, and expand in a perpen...
Direct shear	A loading that causes a stress tangential to a surface of an item.
External Pressure	A loading that has an inward acting pressure on an item.
Impacting	A loading that involves two items colliding with each other.
Internal Pressure	A loading that has an outward facing pressure on an item.
Tension	A loading that causes an item to elongate and stretch out of shape.
Torsion	A loading that causes a cross-sectional rotation that causes an item to twist out of...

Additional fields: Loading Factor (dropdown, e.g. "Steady Load" — "A Steady Load refers to a loading that stays near constant during the operation of the item"); Operating Temperature (dropdown, e.g. "Medium" — "Medium temperature refers to the item operating at around the temperature of the environment the item is within"); Time Factor (dropdown, e.g. "High" — "A High Time Factor refers to a loading duration that lasts multiple missions in total"); Operating Temperature Factor (dropdown, e.g. "Steady" — "Steady Temperature refers to a near constant operating temperature during the item operation").

7.3 Defining Part Environments

Part environmental factors describe the surrounding environmental conditions to a part or part-pair.

To access and use the part environment editor:

• Select (Right-click) the part and select Environment from the drop-down menu
• Scroll through the list and select the checkbox to the left of each environment
• Select OK to apply all changes

The Environmental Characteristics dialog lists a tree of environment categories with checkboxes: Exposure to Nuclear Radiation; Pressure (Atmospheric Pressure, Atmospheric Pressure Differential, Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations/Cycle, High Air Pressure, High Atmospheric Pressure, Low Atmospheric Pressure); Shock; Solid Contamination (Corrosive Environment, Exposure to Salt and Dust); Temperature (Exposure to Thermal Shocks, High Temperature, Low Temperature...). Additional Operating Temperature and Operating Temperature Factor dropdowns with description tooltips, matching the Characteristics dialog.

7.4 Defining Part Features

Features are used to describe specific physical attributes of a part e.g. fillet, joint, thread etc. These features are typically found when modelling an item in a CAD program.

To open the Features editor:

• Select (Right-click) a part and select Features from the drop-down menu.

The Part Features dialog ("Available Features") lists a searchable table of Name/Description, e.g.: Bond ("A join or joint formed by means of an adhesive substance, heat, or pressure"), Contact Surface, Corner, Edge, Fillet ("A fillet is a rounded shape applied to either a corner or an edge that creates a smooth interface..."), Gallery, Glued Joint, Groove, Hole, Inner Surface, Joint, Keyway, Notch, Orifice, Outer Surface, and more (Race, Rib, Soldered Joint, Spline, Surface, Tab, Teeth, Thread, Weld).

To use the Features dialog:

• Search for a feature using the Part Features search field, or
• Scroll through the list and select the checkbox provided on the left of each feature

To create a new feature:

• Select the New Feature button
• Enter the Feature Name & Description in the expanded section
• Select the Create button to include the new feature into the features list
• Select the checkbox for the newly created feature

To delete a user-created feature:

• Select Tools from the main menu then select Application Preferences
• From the Application Preferences dialog, select Features
• Select a user-created feature and select the Delete button to remove it from the Features list
• Select OK to apply the changes

7.5 Create Part Pair Connections

Pair connections are used to define the function performed by a pair of parts e.g. bolt and nut. Unlike components or subsystems, functions are not defined for an individual part but on the pair connection between parts.

To create a pair connection between two parts:

• Select the Part icon from the icon menu ("Create a new connection")
• Select a part in the system model and drag the connection to the second part

The pair functions editor is based on the model item functions editor with the exception that there is no input flow. Only output flows are required to define the impact of the pair on the component function.

Note on pair mirroring: Selecting Mirror Pair changes the arrow direction of the pair connection. There is no modelling implication or significance for the arrow direction.

To define the function of a pair:

• Select (Right-click) the part-pair icon displayed on the pair connection
• Select Functions from the right-click menu
• Define the functions, flow and flow properties in the functions editor
• Save changes

Example: a pair "Inlet_Lining" defines a "Contain" function with an OUT FLOWS "Liquid" flow property "Flow rate" checked.

7.6 Defining Part-Pair Characteristics

Part Pair characteristics are used to define the relative behavior and operating conditions between two linked parts. These characteristics include connection type, loading, temperature and other factors. Pair characteristics can be applied to a created part pair to define the interactions between the selected parts.

To access this feature:

• Select (Right-click) the pair connection in the model
• Select Characteristics from the right-click menu
• Alternatively, select the Characteristics tab from the Properties viewer
• Define the connection type, motion type, motion, time & operating temperature factors and operating temperature

The Properties view (Characteristics tab) for a pair (e.g. "Inlet_Lining") shows: Pair Connection Type = "Class: I DOF: 1"; Motion Factor = "Continuous Motion"; Time Factor = "High"; Operating Temperature = "Low"; Operating Temperature Factor = "Steady"; a Motion Type list section.

The Pair Characteristics dialog shows:

Connection Type (DOF) table:

Class	DOF	Name	Example
-	0	Fixed Connection	Rigid joint
I	1	DOF Connection	Pin joint
II	2	DOF Connection	Sliding pin joint
III	3	DOF Connection	Ball/socket joint
IV	4	DOF Connection	Ball/groove joint
V	5	DOF Connection	Ball/plate joint

Loading checkboxes: Bending, Compression, Direct shear, External Pressure, Impacting, Internal Pressure, Tension (and further items, list scrollable).

Loading Factor dropdown (e.g. "Steady Load" — "A Steady Load refers to a loading that stays near constant during the operation of the item"). Operating Temperature dropdown (e.g. "Low" — "Low temperature refers to the item as operating at significantly lower temperature than the environment the item is within"). Time Factor dropdown (e.g. "High" — "A High Time Factor refers to a loading duration that lasts multiple missions in total"). Operating Temperature Factor dropdown (e.g. "Steady" — "Steady Temperature refers to a near constant operating temperature during the item operation").