Bond Types

A Bond is defined as a type of connection between two components in a MADE model.

The first table provides a lists of Bond types, while the second table provides

a list of Bond elements.

Bond Type	Passive Variable	Basic Symbol	Symbol with Causal Stroke	Equation	Description
0-J (0-Junction)	-	-	[Image: 0-Junction.png]	f 1 + f 2 + f 3 + f 4 = 0 e 1 = e 2 = e 3 = e 4	A non-energy storage element. For 0-junctions, its flows always sum to zero and the efforts are equal (e.g. Kirchhoff's current law).
1-J (1-Junction)	-	-	[Image: 1-Junction.png]	e 1 + e 2 + e 3 + e 4 = 0 f 1 = f 2 = f 3 = f 4	A non-energy storage element. For 1-junctions, its efforts sum to zero and the flows are equal (e.g Kirchhoff's voltage law).
GY	Gyrator Ratio	[Image: GY-Basic.png]	[Image: GY-Causal.png] [Image: GY-Causal2.png]	e 1 = ratio * f 2 e 2 = ratio * f 2 f 1 = e 2 / ratio f 2 = e 2 / ratio	A gyrator does not provide power but instead converts flow to effort and vice versa.
TF (Transformer)	Transformer Ratio	[Image: TF-Basic.png]	[Image: TF-Causal.png] [Image: TF-Causal2.png]	f 2 = ratio * f 1 e 1 = ratio * e 2 f 1 = f 2 / ratio e 2 = e 1 / ratio	A transformer does not add power but represents a change from one energy domain to another. An example of this would be an ideal electrical transformer or a level.
SE	Effort Source Passive Variable Active Port element	[Image: SE-Basic.png]	[Image: SE-Causal.png]	SE = Amplitude	An effort source supplies power to a system using a constant effort.
SESINK	Effort Sink	-	-	SE = Amplitude	An effort sink drains power from the system to the environment using a constant effort.
SF	Flow Source	[Image: SF-Basic.png]	[Image: SF-Causal.png]	SE = Amplitude	An flow source supplies power to a system using a constant flow.
SFSINK	Flow Sink	-	-	SE = Amplitude	An flow sink drains power from the system to the environment using a constant flow.

Bond Elements

Bond Element	Basic Symbol	Symbol with Causal Stroke	Equation	Passive Variable	Description
C (Capacitor)	[Image: C-Basic.png]	[Image: C-Causal.png]	e = ( 1 / C ) q where q = Integral( f )	Capacitance	A capacitor represents an item which stores and releases that energy without loss. It relates effort to the generalized displacement, q (or time integral of flow). The Capacitance/Compliance passive variable is the constant value defining the item's ability to dissipate power. The Capacitor State passive variable is the constant value defining the item's ability to store and release energy.
Capacitor State
I (Inductor) I (Inertia)	[Image: I-Basic.png]	[Image: I-Causal.png]	f = (1 / R) * e e = f * R	Inductance	An inductor is an item in which stores potential energy e.g. masses. The causal stroke next to the inductor bond type indicates the effort is positive i.e. directed towards the inductance item.
Inductor State
R (Resistor)	Resistance	[Image: R-Basic.png]	[Image: R-Causal.png] [Image: R-Causal2.png]	f = (1 / R) * e e = f * R	A resistor is an element in which the effort and flow variables are related by a static function. The half arrow pointing towards the resistor means that power is positive and flowing into the resistor. Its passive variable represents a constant value defining the item's ability to dissipate power.

Bond Connections

Bond Connection	Passive Variable	Symbol	Equation	Description
Bond Bond Edge	Effort Flow	-	Refer to Bond Types table	Connections between two junctions or a junction to a port element
Control K	Amplitude Control	-	ControlElement.Variable = ControlElement.Variable(t=0) * K.Amplitude * f	Connections between a junction and a Resistor / Capacitor / Inductor
Control K/D	Amplitude State Control	-	ControlElement.Variable = ControlElement.Variable(t=0) * KD.Amplitude * KD. State where KD.State = Integral( e ) Connections between a junction and a Resistor / Capacitor / Inductor
Control K/X	Amplitude Control	-	ControlElement.Variable = ControlElement.Variable(t=0) * K.Amplitude * (1 / f)	Connections between a junction and a Resistor / Capacitor / Inductor

Bond types, elements and connections are used in concert to construct the equation sets

of a Bond model. The resulting response each passive variable is viewable from the

Response Simulation action.

See also:

• Domain-specific Bond types
• Dynamic Settings