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MADE 3.9.1 User Manual > Modelling > Failure Diagram > Failure Concepts

Faults

Category Name (Fault) Name (Incipient Fault) Synonyms Description
Bulk change Delaminated Delaminating - Separated into layers.
Bulk change Fractured Fracturing - A crack has entirely traversed an item and the item is completely separated into parts or fragmented.
Bulk change Cracked Cracking - A crack propagated part-way through the item.
Bulk change Voids Voiding - Empty spaces in the bulk of material.
Chemical connection Chemically reactivity decreased Chemically reactivity decreasing - The chemical property of an item is changed, and it is chemically reactive with another item, or its reactivity has been decreased.
Chemical connection Chemically reactivity increased Chemically reactivity increasing - The chemical property of an item is changed, and it is chemically reactive with another item, or its reactivity has been increased.
Chemical property Contaminated Contamination increasing - Item contains inclusions consisting of a different material phase or a different material.
Chemical property Decomposed Decomposing - The chemical composition of item is changed, and it now consists of two different phases or types of material.
Chemical property Sublimated Sublimating - The state of an item has changed from solid to gas.
Electrical connection Open circuit Circuit breaking - The clearance between two items is increased, or a foreign object provides insulation, preventing the exchange of electrical energy between them.
Electrical connection Property mismatch Property mismatching - The electrical property of one item has changed, and is electrically reactive with another item.
Electrical connection Short circuit Circuit shorting - The electrical property of one item has changed, and is electrically reactive with another item.
Electrical property Capacitance decreased Capacitance decreasing - The electrical capacitance of an item is decreased.
Electrical property Capacitance increased Capacitance increasing - The electrical capacitance of an item is increased.
Electrical property Conductivity decreased Conductivity decreasing - The electrical conductivity of an item is decreased.
Electrical property Conductivity increased Conductivity increasing - The electrical conductivity of an item is increased.
Electrical property Corrupted Signal Signal Corrupting - The signal has had information damaged.
Electrical property Distorted Signal Signal Distorting Degraded, Noise The signal waveform has been altered from its original shape.
Electrical property Decreased dielectric strength Dielectric strength decreasing - The dielectric strength of an item is decreased.
Electrical property Increased dielectric strength Dielectric strength increasing - The dielectric strength of an item is increased.
Electrical property Electrical potential decreased Electrical potential decreasing - The electrical potential of an item is decreased.
Electrical property Electrical potential increased Electrical potential increasing - The electrical potential of an item is increased.
Electrical property Electrical resistance decreased Electrical resistance decreasing - The electrical resistance of an item is decreased.
Electrical property Electrical resistance increased Electrical resistance increasing - The electrical resistance of an item is increased.
Fluid property change Aerated Aerating - A fluid is contaminated with gas.
Fluid property change Changed lubricity Changing lubricity - The frictional properties of a liquid have been altered.
Fluid property change Contaminated Contamination increasing - A fluid contains undesirable, foreign liquid or solid materials.
Fluid property change Evaporated Evaporating - The state of an item has changed from liquid to gas.
Fluid property change Frozen Freezing - The state of an item has changed from liquid to solid.
Mechanical connection Blocked Blocking - The clearance between two items is filled by a foreign material, preventing the flow of material between them.
Mechanical connection Disconnected Disconnecting - The clearance between two items is increased, preventing mechanical interactions between them.
Mechanical connection Geometric property mismatch Geometric property mismatching - The mechanical property of an item is changed, generating mechanical interactions between it and another item.
Mechanical connection Interference Interfering - The clearance between two items is decreased, enabling mechanical interactions between them.
Mechanical connection Loose Loosening - The clearance between two items is increased, allowing undesired relative motion between them.
Mechanical connection Misaligned Misaligning - The relative position or attitude of an item has changed.
Mechanical connection Seized Seizing - The clearance between two items is decreased, preventing relative motion between them.
Mechanical connection Separated Separating - The clearance between two items is increased (allowing the flow of material between them).
Mechanical connection Tight Tightening - The clearance between two items is decreased, generating excessive normal forces between them.
Mechanical property Brittle Embrittling - The resistance of an item to brittle fracture is decreased.
Mechanical property Hard Hardening - The resistance of an item to surface deformation is increased.
Mechanical property Molten Melting - The state of an item has changed from solid to liquid, liquefied by heat.
Mechanical property Plastic Plasticizing - The resistance of an item to irreversible mechanical deformation is decreased.
Mechanical property Softened Stiffness Reducing - The resistance of an item to elastic deformation is decreased.
Mechanical property Stiffened Stiffening - The resistance of an item to elastic deformation is increased.
Mechanical property Stiffness reduced Softening - The resistance of an item to surface deformation is decreased.
Mechanical property Toughened Toughening - The resistance of an item to fracture is increased.
Mechanical property Weakened Weakening - The resistance of an item to ductile fracture is decreased.
Operator Faults Action Fault - - The operator's actions were insufficient to bring about the desired consequences.
Operator Faults Attention Fault - - The trigger information was presented to the operator but not noticed by him/her.
Operator Faults Decision Fault - - The operator made a wrong choice in an undetermined situation.
Operator Faults Intention Fault - - The operator knew what action to perform, but omitted to perform the action.
Operator Faults Perception Fault - - The trigger information was presented but not noticed or understood by the operator.
Operator Faults Reasoning Fault - - The operator falsely concluded what his/her action should be.
Shape change Bent Bending - An initially straight item possesses curvature.
Shape change Buckled Buckling - An initially straight item is permanently bent out of shape to the point of structural instability.
Shape change Compressed Compressing - Item has deformed in one direction, and its length is decreased.
Shape change Dimension changed Dimension changing - Dimension change making item(s) unsuitable for its intended duty.
Shape change Expanded Expanding - Item is deformed in more than one direction such that its volume is increased.
Shape change Extruded Extruding - Item is deformed according to the shape of the opening through which it has been pushed.
Shape change Perforated Perforating - A hole has penetrated through the wall/skin of the item.
Shape change Sheared Shearing - Item is deformed such that parallel planes are translated with respect to each other.
Shape change Shrunk Shrinking - Item has deformed in more than one direction, and its volume is decreased.
Shape change Stretched Stretching - Item is deformed such that its length is increased.
Shape change Twisted Twisting - Item is deformed about one axis such that one end is rotated relative to the other.
Software Data Corruption - - The output produces unexpected results and may be partially inaccessible.
Software Data Loss - - Information has been deleted or altered.
Software Data Theft - - Information has been acquired by unauthorized personnel.
Software Deadlock - - Two or more processes are in an indefinite waiting state.
Software Delay discrepancy - Jitter The system has a significant timing variation between each successive cycle.
Software Denial of access - - The application or system is unable to be accessed.
Software Faulty error handling - - There is a wrong error message relayed, a failure to detect an error or a false error is detected.
Software Inaccessible database - Database error A failure to store and/or retrieve data from database file.
Software Lack of Bandwidth - - There is a limited amount of data transfer rate available.
Software Lack of Communication - - There is a lack of transmission between two or more communicating devices.
Software Lack of Memory - - There is no memory allocation for new data or processes.
Software Race condition - Non-reentract function Two conflicting operations are attempting to occur at the same time instead of in the proper sequence.
Software Request Forgery - Session Riding, One-click attacks, Hostile linking, Automation attack, CSRF, XSRF, Cross site fault, Restriction fault Unauthorized commands are accepted from a trusted websites user.
Software Security Breach - - The integrity of the systems software security has been diminished.
Software Stale Data - - The cached data has not been updated and may be out of date.
Software Unable to execute - - The system can not execute a pathway causing the system to fail.
Surface change Abraded Abrading - Outer layer of surface material has been removed, and lower layers of the same surface material have been exposed.
Surface change Adhered Adhering - The outer layer of an item is prone to molecular bonding with other items.
Surface change Blistered Blistering - The outer layer has localized swelling, which has formed pockets of gas or liquid.
Surface change Chipped Chippping - Loss of surface material leaving shallow, rounded voids.
Surface change Corroded Corroding - The outer layer of an item has been chemically removed by a corrosive agent.
Surface change Dented Denting - The outer layer has localized deformations caused by impact.
Surface change Etched Etching - Localized areas of the outer layer of an item have been chemically removed.
Surface change Grooved Grooving - Surface material has been locally removed or deformed.
Surface change Outgrowths Outgrowing - Mounds of additional material is present on the surface of the item.
Surface change Oxidised Oxidising - The outer layer of an item has reacted with oxygen and is an oxide compound.
Surface change Pitted Pitting - Loss of surface material leaving deep, rounded voids.
Surface change Polished Polishing - Surface of material has been evenly removed and possesses reduced surface peaks and valleys.
Surface change Porous Porosity Increasing - Surface material contains voids.
Surface change Rough Roughening - The outer layer is unevenly deformed and possesses peaks and valleys.
Surface change Ruptured Rupturing - A tear in the item, result of breaking open or bursting.
Surface change Scaled Scaling - Mounds of additional material is present on the surface of the item.
Surface change Scratched Scratching - Surface material has been locally removed or deformed.
Surface change Stripped Stripping - Generalized loss of surface material, exposing a surface layer of different material.
Surface change Spiked Spiking Hillocked The outer layer of an item possesses whisker-like outgrowths of one phase of its material.
Surface change Surface cracks Surface cracking - Surface layer of material is fractured.
Surface change Torn Tearing - Surface layer of material is torn.
Surface change Warped Warping - Initially perpendicular cross-sectional surfaces are no longer perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the item.

Source: Local MADE 3.9.1 installation: com.phm.made.help.plugin/documents/help/html/MADeHelp/03-Modelling/03-04-FailureDiagram/03-04-03-FailureConcepts/03-04-03-03-Faults.html · retrieved 2026-07-09