Appendix B: Bond Modeling for Various Engineering Domains

These tables list, for each energy domain, the Bond element name, its MADE Bond-type code, the underlying "Current" element analog, the perturbation/parameter it introduces, its flow-in, function, flow-out, and physical examples.

Hydraulic Domain

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Compressibility flow rate	Flow rate	Store	Pressure	Fluid in pressure vessel, accumulator, actuator volume, long fluid line
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Fluid capacitance C	Flow rate	Store	Pressure	Fluid in pressure vessel, accumulator, actuator volume, long fluid line
	0-CR		Compressibility flow rate	Flow rate	Store	Pressure	C-Fluid compressibility and R-leakage. E.g. Pressure vessel with leakage
	CR		Either C, R	Flow rate	Store	Pressure	C-Fluid compressibility and R-Leakage. E.g. Pressure vessel with leakage
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	Fluid inertia in fluid line
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Fluid inertance (inductance) I	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	Fluid mass
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Flow resistance R	Pressure	Control	Flow rate	Flow resistance – orifice, damper, leakage flow, needle valve, restrictor valve, flow control valve, pressure control valve, directional control valve
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Flow resistance R	Flow rate	Convert	Pressure	Flow resistance – orifice, damper, leakage flow, needle valve, restrictor valve, flow control valve, pressure control valve, directional control valve
	1-IR	Bond 1-IR	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	I-Fluid inertia and R-flow resistance in fluid line
	1-IR	Bond 1-IR	Either I or R	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	I-Fluid inertia, R-Flow resistance in fluid line
	1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	I-Fluid inertia, R-flow resistance and C-Fluid compressibility in fluid line
	1-IRC		Either I or R or C	Pressure	Store	Flow rate	I-Fluid inertia, R-flow resistance and C-Fluid compressibility in fluid line
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Pressure	Transform	Pressure	Pressure intensifier, linear actuator, rotary actuator, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Flow rate	Transform	Flow rate	Pressure intensifier, linear actuator, rotary actuator, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator ratio	Pressure	Convert	Flow
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator ratio	Flow	Convert	Pressure	Centrifugal pump
Source	SE	Amplitude	Pressure amplitude		Supply	Pressure	Hydraulic accumulator, centrifugal pump, pressure regulated hydraulic pump
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Pressure amplitude	Flow rate	Stop, Channel		Reservoir, accumulator, environmental pressure
Source	SF	Amplitude	Flow rate amplitude		Supply	Flow rate	Positive displacement hydraulic pump
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Flow rate amplitude	Pressure	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0-J Bond	Input pressure	Flow rate	Branch/Merge	Flow rate	Tee flow junction (common pressure)
1-Junction	1-J	1-J Bond	Input flow rate	Pressure	Branch/Merge	Pressure	Serial pressure junction (common flow rate)

Pneumatic Domain

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Compressibility mass flow rate	Mass flow rate	Store	Pressure	Air (Gas) in pressure vessel, accumulator, actuator volume, long fluid line
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Fluid Capacitance C	Mass flow rate	Store	Pressure	Air (Gas) in pressure vessel, accumulator, actuator volume, long fluid line
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Compressibility mass flow rate	Mass flow rate	Store	Pressure	C-Air compressibility and R-Air leakage. E.g. Pressure vessel with leakage
	0-CR		Either C, R	Mass flow rate	Store	Pressure	C-Air compressibility and R-Air leakage. E.g. Pressure vessel with leakage
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	Air (Gas) inertia in fluid line
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Inductance I	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	Air (Gas) inertia in fluid line
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Flow resistance R	Pressure	Control	Mass flow rate	R-Flow resistance in orifice, damper, leakage flow, needle valve, restrictor valve, flow control valve, pressure control valve, directional control valve
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Flow resistance R	Mass flow rate	Control	Pressure	Pressure drop in orifice, damper, leakage flow, needle valve, restrictor valve, flow control valve, pressure control valve, directional control valve
	1-IR	Bond 1-I	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	I-Air (Gas) inertia and R-flow resistance in fluid line
	1-IR	Bond 1-I	Either I or R	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	I-Air (Gas) inertia, R-flow resistance in fluid line
	1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Pressure Differential	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	I-Air (Gas) inertia, R-flow resistance and C-air (gas) compressibility in fluid line
	1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Either I or R or C	Pressure	Store	Mass flow rate	I-Air (Gas) inertia, R-Flow resistance and C-Air (Gas) compressibility in fluid line
Transformer	TF	Amplitude	Transformer ratio	Pressure	Transform	Pressure	Intensifier, linear actuator, rotary actuator, air motor
Transformer	TF	Amplitude	Transformer ratio	Mass flow rate	Transform	Mass flow rate	Intensifier, linear actuator, rotary actuator, air motor
Gyrator	GY	Amplitude	Gyrator	Pressure	Convert	Mass flow rate
Gyrator	GY	Amplitude	Gyrator	Mass flow rate	Convert	Pressure
Source	SE	Amplitude	Pressure amplitude		Supply	Pressure	Regulated air pressure supply
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Pressure amplitude	Mass flow rate	Stop, Channel		Pressure vessel, accumulator, environmental pressure
Source	SF	Amplitude	Flow rate amplitude		Supply	Mass flow rate
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Flow rate amplitude	Pressure	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0-J Bond	Input pressure	Mass flow rate	Branch/Merge	Mass flow rate	Tee flow junction (common pressure)
1-Junction	1-J	1-J Bond	Input mass flow rate	Pressure	Branch/Merge	Pressure	Serial pressure junction (common mass flow rate)

Note: the source PDF's table header for the following block is also labeled "Pneumatic Domain" (page 23) but its content is actually the Mechanical (Linear) domain — this appears to be a header duplication/typo in the original document. The table content is reproduced faithfully below under its correct domain heading.

Mechanical (Linear) Domain

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Velocity Differential	Velocity	Store	Force	Capacitance of spring, beam, air spring, fluid spring
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Capacitance C	Velocity	Store	Force	Capacitance of spring, beam, air spring, fluid spring
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Velocity Differential	Velocity	Store	Force	C-Capacitance and R-friction. E.g. spring or beam and damper in parallel
	0-CR		Either C, R	Velocity	Store	Force	C-Capacitance and R-friction. E.g. spring or beam and damper in parallel
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Force Differential	Force	Store	Velocity	Mass
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Inertia I	Force	Store	Velocity	Mass
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Force	Control	Velocity	R-resistance. E.g. Damper, friction pads, brake
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Force	Control	Velocity	R-resistance. E.g. Damper, friction pads, brake
	1-IR	Bond 1-I	Force Differential	Force	Store	Velocity	I-Inertia and R-Friction. E.g. Mass and damper
	1-IRC		Either I, R or C	Force	Store	Velocity	I–Inertia, R–Friction and C-Capacitance. E.g. Mass, spring and damper
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Effort	Transform	Effort	Lever
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Flow	Transform	Flow	Lever
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Force	Convert	Velocity
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Velocity	Convert	Force
Source	SE	Amplitude	Force amplitude		Supply	Force	Gravity force
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Force amplitude	Velocity	Stop, Channel
Source	SF	Amplitude	Velocity amplitude		Supply	Velocity	Linear electric motor, constant velocity source
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Velocity amplitude	Force	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0-J Bond	Input force	Velocity	Branch/Merge	Velocity	Parallel velocity junction (common force)
1-Junction	1-J	1-J Bond	Input velocity	Force	Branch/Merge	Force	Serial force junction (common velocity)

Mechanical (Rotational) Domain

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Angular velocity Differential	Angular velocity	Store	Torque	Capacitance of torsion spring, shaft, flexible coupling
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Capacitance C	Angular velocity	Store	Torque	Capacitance of torsion spring, shaft, flexible coupling
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Angular velocity Differential	Angular velocity	Store	Torque	C-Capacitance and R-friction. Torsion spring, shaft or flexible coupling with rotary damper in parallel
	0-CR		Either C, R, I	Angular velocity	Store	Torque	C-Capacitance and R-friction. Torsion spring, shaft or flexible coupling with rotary damper in parallel
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Torque Differential	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia. Rotary mass
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Moment of inertia I	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia. Rotary mass
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Damping	Torque	Control	Angular velocity	R-Resistance. E.g. Rotary damper, friction (bearings, belt brake, pads)
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Damping	Angular velocity	Control	Torque	R-Resistance. E.g. Rotary damper, friction (bearings, belt brake, friction pads)
	1-IR	Bond 1-I	Torque Differential	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia and R-resistance. E.g. Rotary mass and friction (bearings, belt brake, friction pads)
	1-IR	Bond 1-I	Either I or R	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia and R-resistance. E.g. Rotary mass and friction (bearings, belt brake, friction pads)
	1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Torque Differential	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia, R-Resistance and C-Capacitance. E.g. Rotary mass, friction (bearings, belt brake, friction pads) and flexible shaft in series
	1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Either I or R or C	Torque	Store	Angular velocity	I-Moment of inertia, R-resistance and C-Capacitance. E.g. Rotary mass, friction (bearings, belt brake, friction pads) and flexible shaft in series
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Torque	Transform	Torque	Gear set
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Angular velocity	Transform	Angular velocity	Gears set
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Torque	Convert	Angular velocity	Gyroscope
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Angular velocity	Convert	Torque	Gyroscope
Source	SE	Amplitude	Torque amplitude		Supply	Torque	Internal combustion engine
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Torque amplitude	Angular velocity	Stop, Channel
Source	SF	Amplitude	Angular velocity amplitude		Supply	Angular velocity	Electric motor
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Angular velocity amplitude	Torque	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0-J Bond	Input torque	Angular velocity	Branch/Merge	Angular velocity	Parallel junction (common torque)
1-Junction	1-J	1-J Bond	Input angular velocity	Torque	Branch/Merge	Torque	Serial junction (common angular velocity)

Electrical Domain

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Current Differential	Current	Store	Voltage	Capacitor
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Capacitance C	Current	Store	Voltage	Capacitor
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Current Differential	Current	Store	Voltage	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
	0-CR		Either C, R	Current	Store	Voltage	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Voltage Differential	Voltage	Store	Current	Inductor
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Inductance L	Voltage	Store	Current	Inductor
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Current	Control	Voltage	Resistance
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Voltage	Control	Current	Eddy-current damper, Resistance
	1-IR, 1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Voltage Differential	Voltage	Store	Current	C-Capacitance, R-Resistor, I-inductance in series
	1-IR, 1-IRC		Either C, R, I	Voltage	Store	Current	C-Capacitance, R-Resistor, I-inductance in series
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Voltage	Transform	Voltage	Electrical transformer
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Current	Transform	Current	Electrical transformer
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Voltage	Convert	Current
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Current	Convert	Voltage
Source	SE	Amplitude	Voltage Amplitude		Supply	Voltage	Battery
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Voltage Amplitude	Current	Stop, Channel
Source	SF	Amplitude	Current Amplitude		Supply	Current
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Current Amplitude	Voltage	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0J Bond	Input voltage	Current	Branch/Merge	Current
1-Junction	1-J	1J Bond	Input current	Voltage	Branch/Merge	Voltage

Generic Domain (Effort/Flow)

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Flow Differential	Flow	Store	Effort
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Capacitance	Effort	Store	Effort
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Current Differential	Flow	Store	Effort	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
	0-CR		Either C, R	Flow	Store	Effort	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
Inertance	1-I	Bond 1-I	Effort Differential	Effort	Store	Flow
Inertance	1-I	Inductor	Inertia I	Effort	Store	Flow
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Effort	Control	Flow
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Resistance R	Flow	Control	Effort
	1-IR, 1-IRC	Bond 1-I	Effort Differential	Effort	Store	Flow
	1-IR, 1-IRC		Effort Differential, I, R, C	Effort	Store	Flow
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Effort	Transform	Effort
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Effort	Transform	Effort
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Effort	Convert	Flow
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Flow	Convert	Effort
Source	SE	Amplitude	Effort amplitude		Supply	Effort
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Effort amplitude	Flow	Stop, Channel
Source	SF	Amplitude	Flow amplitude		Supply	Flow
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Flow amplitude	Effort	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0J Bond	Input effort	Flow	Branch/Merge	Flow
1-Junction	1-J	1J Bond	Input flow	Effort	Branch/Merge	Effort

Generic Domain (Thermal)

(The source PDF labels this final table "Generic Domain" as well, but its content and physical examples describe the Thermal domain specifically — reproduced faithfully below.)

Name	Bond	Current	Perturbation	Flow-in	Function	Flow-out	Physical Examples
Capacitance	0-C	Bond 0-C	Heat flow Differential	Heat flow rate	Store	Temperature	Heat storage
Capacitance	0-C	Capacitor	Thermal capacitance C	Heat flow rate	Store	Temperature	Heat storage
	0-CR	Bond 0-C	Heat flow Differential	Heat flow rate	Store	Temperature	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
	0-CR		Either C, R	Heat flow rate	Store	Temperature	C-Capacitance, R-Resistance in parallel
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Thermal resistance R	Temperature	Control	Heat flow rate	R-Resistance. Heat conductance, heat convection (radiator, electronic components), radiation
Resistance	1-R	Resistor	Thermal resistance R	Heat flow rate	Control	Temperature	R-Resistance. Heat conductance, heat convection (radiator, electronic components), radiation
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Heat flow rate	Transform	Heat flow rate
Transformer	TF	Ratio	Transformer ratio	Temperature	Transform	Temperature
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Temperature	Convert	Heat flow rate
Gyrator	GY	Ratio	Gyrator	Heat flow rate	Convert	Temperature
Source	SE	Amplitude	Temperature amplitude		Supply	Temperature	Burner Source
Sink	SESINK	Amplitude	Temperature amplitude	Heat flow rate	Stop, Channel
Source	SF	Amplitude	Heat flow rate amplitude		Supply	Heat flow rate
Sink	SFSINK	Amplitude	Heat flow rate amplitude	Temperature	Stop, Channel
0-Junction	0-J	0-J Bond	Input temperature	Heat flow rate	Branch/Merge	Heat flow rate
1-Junction	1-J	1-J Bond	Input heat flow rate	Temperature	Branch/Merge	Temperature